Seawater · marine sediment / acute · chronic

Marine (Seawater · Sediment)

Effect assessment of seawater and marine sediment using marine test species

• Microalgae
• Microalgae ecotoxicity test
• A method that compares the growth inhibition rate of microalgae to assess the biological risk of environmental samples in which pollutants have accumulated (seawater, sediment pore water, river water, groundwater, sewage and wastewater, wastewater effluent, discharged effluent, leachate, etc.) and of individual chemicals such as inorganic or organic compounds
• Sample preparation
• Concentration range set for the test purpose
• Test organism inoculation
• Microalgae inoculated into the culture medium
• Exposure culture
• Exposed and cultured under the conditions of the test method
• Toxicity endpoint calculation
• EC50 · NOEC, etc.
• Skeletonema costatum · Isochrysis galbana
• Assesses the toxicity of samples using the growth inhibition response of microalgae
• Test species and conditions selected according to the applicable test method and the purpose of the assessment
• Endpoint
• Growth inhibition rate
• Test conditions
• Set by the applicable test method (e.g. 72-96 h)
• Seawater · sediment pore water · elutriate
• Rotifers
• Marine rotifer ecotoxicity test
• A method that compares the survival rate or population growth rate of rotifers, which are primary consumers, with a control to assess the biological risk of freshwater, seawater, sewage sludge, river water, groundwater, sewage and wastewater, effluent and discharged effluent, leachate, and inorganic or organic chemicals
• Test organism preparation
• Use of neonates suited to the test method
• Exposure and observation
• Survival and population growth responses observed
• LC50 · ECx · NOEC, etc.
• Brachionus plicatilis
• Assesses the toxicity of samples using the survival rate and population growth rate of rotifers
• Survival rate · population growth rate
• Set by the applicable test method (e.g. 24 h)
• Seawater · effluent · sediment pore water, etc.
• Luminescent bacteria
• Luminescent bacteria ecotoxicity test
• Sample pretreatment
• Dilution and pretreatment according to sample properties
• Test organism addition
• Luminescent bacteria suspension added
• Luminescence measurement
• Luminescence measured with N-Tox
• Luminescence inhibition rate · EC50 · TUB
• Aliivibrio fischeri
• Assesses the toxicity of samples using the luminescence inhibition rate of luminescent bacteria
• Luminescence inhibition rate assessed after 15 or 30 min of exposure, according to the applicable test method
• Luminescence inhibition rate
• Set by the test method (e.g. 15 or 30 min)
• Effluent · seawater · elutriate · organic solvent extract, etc.
• Copepods
• Copepod ecotoxicity test
• A method that uses copepods, which are aquatic invertebrates, to assess the biological risk of seawater, pore water and inorganic or organic chemicals, among others
• Test organism exposure
• Copepods added
• Biological response observation
• Survival, growth and reproduction responses checked
• Tigriopus japonicus
• Assesses the toxicity of samples using the survival, growth and reproduction responses of copepods
• Acute and chronic tests selected according to the applicable test method and the purpose of the assessment
• Survival · growth · reproduction
• 96 h acute test · life-cycle test, etc.
• Seawater · sediment pore water
• Amphipods
• Amphipod ecotoxicity test
• Assessment of the biological risk of pollutants in the sediments of marine environments (waste, dredged material) and inland environments (rivers, lakes), using benthic amphipods
• Sampling and pretreatment
• Test organisms sorted and added
• Exposure and recovery
• Survival and growth checked at the end of the test
• Survival rate · growth · LC50, etc.
• Monocorophium uenoi
• Assesses the toxicity of sediment using the survival and growth responses of benthic amphipods
• Test media and conditions selected according to the applicable test method and the purpose of the assessment
• Survival rate · growth
• Set by the applicable test method (e.g. 96 h or 10 days)
• Marine sediment · sediment pore water · seawater, etc.
• Sea urchins
• Sea urchin ecotoxicity test
• A method that uses sea urchins, which are marine invertebrates, to assess the biological risk of sediment pore water or organic extracts
• Spawning induction
• Eggs and sperm collected
• Fertilisation · development test
• Fertilisation rate or normal larval development rate checked
• Strongylocentrotus nudus · S. intermedius · Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus
• Assesses the toxicity of samples using the fertilisation and early larval development responses of sea urchins
• Fertilisation rate · normal larval development rate
• Testing season
• Varies with each species' spawning season
• Seawater · pore water · elutriate, etc.
• Bivalves
• Bivalve ecotoxicity test
• A method that uses the embryos of bivalves (Manila clam, mussel, Pacific oyster, etc.) to assess the biological risk of seawater and inorganic or organic chemicals, among others
• Gamete collection
• Spawning or gamete isolation
• Fertilisation and embryo development observed
• Venerupis philippinarum · Mytilus galloprovincialis · Crassostrea gigas
• Assesses the toxicity of samples using the fertilisation and early development responses of bivalves
• Fertilisation rate · normal development rate
• Set by the test conditions for each species
• Seawater · pore water · chemical test solutions, etc.
• Fish
• Fish ecotoxicity test
• A method that uses fish, one group of aquatic organisms, to assess the biological risk of seawater, pore water, river water, groundwater, sewage and wastewater, wastewater effluent and discharged effluent, leachate, and inorganic or organic chemicals, among others
• Test water preparation
• Fish added
• Survival observation
• Mortality checked throughout the exposure period
• LC50, etc.
• Cyprinodon variegatus
• Assesses the acute toxicity of samples using the survival response of fish
• Survival rate (mortality)
• Set by the applicable test method (e.g. 96 h)
• Test media
• Whole sediment - test medium in which the test organisms are exposed directly to the sediment itself
• Pore water - separated from the sediment by centrifugation or other methods
• Elutriate - aqueous phase separated after mixing and agitating sediment with water
• Organic solvent extract - extract fraction for assessing the effects of hydrophobic organic pollutants in the sediment
• Sediment toxicity test
• Diatom | Skeletonema costatum · Marine
• Haptophyte | Isochrysis galbana · Marine
• Rotifer | Brachionus plicatilis · Marine
• Luminescent bacteria | Aliivibrio fischeri · Microbe
• Bacterial luminescence · Microbe
• Luminescent bacteria toxicity analyser · Equipment
• Copepod | Tigriopus japonicus · Marine
• Amphipod | Monocorophium uenoi · Marine
• Sea urchin | Strongylocentrotus nudus · Marine
• Sea urchin | Strongylocentrotus intermedius · Marine
• Sea urchin | Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus · Marine
• Manila clam | Venerupis philippinarum · Marine
• Mediterranean mussel | Mytilus galloprovincialis · Marine
• Pacific oyster | Crassostrea gigas · Marine
• Sheepshead minnow | Cyprinodon variegatus · Marine
• What we assess
• Media classification
• Sediment classified as whole sediment, pore water, elutriate, organic solvent extract, etc.
• Marine test species exposure
• Toxicity endpoints calculated from biological responses such as survival, growth, fertilisation and development
• Result interpretation
• Test results interpreted against applicable standards and in line with the purpose of the assessment